Condenser and cooler.



G. W. VOLLMANN.

CONDENSER AND COOLER.

APPLICATION IILED MAR. 31,-1906.

Patented July 23, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Patented Ju o. W. VOLLMANN.

CONDENSER AND UOOLER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 31. 1906.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

5811 C1 'l'ozucl CARL WILHELM VOLLMANN, DIE-MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA.

connnusnn AND COOLER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 23, 1912.

Application filed Harcl 31, 1906. Serial No. 309,177.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CARL WILHELM VOLLMANN, of the city of Montreal, Prov-- ince ofQ'uebec, Canada, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Condensers and Coolers; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same.

My invention "relates particularly to double ipe ammonia condensers and coolers, and it has for its object to provide a construction which will insure the cooling of the fluid being treated to approximately the same temperature as the cooling me dium and cause the heat to be absorbed therefrom to a progressingly increasing extent from the time it enters the apparatus until it is discharged therefrom, and at the same time obviate any chance of the circulation bein retarded by liquefaction of the gaseous uids in the early stages of their passage through the apparatus.

The invention may be said briefly to consist of a condenser constructed to alternately divide a body of the fluid being treated into a series of streams flowing through as many pipes, and unite and intermingle such streams, such fluid being caused for the purpose, to flow alternately through chambers which are independent of one another and a plurality of series of pipes effecting intercommunication between such chambers. For full comprehension, however, of myinvention reference must be had to the accompanying drawin forming a part of this speclfi'cation. and in which similar reference characters indicate the same parts and wherein Figure 1 is a side elevation partly 1nlongitudinal sectional view, of a condenser or cooler constructed according to my invention; Fig. 2 is an end elevation partly in transverse vertical sectional'view, and Figs.

3 and 4 are enlarged section'alviews taken at right angles to each other and illustrating the connection between the pipes ,and chambers and the former and its return bends.

The fluid to be condensed or cooled is conducted through pipes b, and the condensing or coolin medlum through pi es 0 extending longltudinally through an beyond the ends of pipes b and being coupled together at their opposite ends by auxillar coupling heads (1. These parts are ,pre erably constructed and arranged as usual, my invention having reference particularly a division into three preferable.

to the means for coupling the pipes b together. V 1

-'My improved couplin means consists of a columnar series of ho low heads presentmg chambers. completely separated from one another, such heads being flanged-as at h attheir abutting ends and bolted together.

The heads or chambers ofeach columnar series being completely separated from one another by webs w extending across and closing their abutting ends. A pair of these coupling columns are utilized with and-constitute component parts-of each double pipe coil, which they support independently of other steadying devices. The top head 'g of one of the columns is formed with ,a flanged opening 2' to enable the ammonia-gas feed pipe to be coupled thereto and the bottom ead g has a flange j constituting a foot upon which the column stands, and the top coupling headof the other columnis closed at its upper and lower ends and the bottom head thereof is also closed at its upper and lower ends and formed with an extension In flanged as at k to constitute a foot, and it is also formed with a pipe connection k to which is coupled the liquid ammonia conducting pipe. 'This top head g is constructed with three openings in one side to which are coupled three ofthe ammoni'a pipes b the opposite side havingthree openings of smaller diameter to receive a like number .of water pipes c and the bottom head g, is similarly constructed, while the other heads g of each columnar series are formed with six openings in each side, the

openings in one side being .of smaller diameter than those in the other side, while the number of, pipes utilized depends of course upon the number of streams into] which it is desired. to divide the ammonia vapors entering the coil, and'ln some coils it isrequired to divide the same into more or less than three streams, but I have found VVhatever number of divlsions ma be made care must be taken to secure a co lective area of the pipes. at least equal to the area of the passage through the head from which they receive their supply. By securing this minimum capacity of the pipes the ammonia is caused to travel at a uniform speed throughout the entire apparatus and unnecessary friction is avoided.

The means for couplin the pipes 71 to my improved coupling hea s preferably conmeans whereby such stuffing boxes and the i pipes b can be clamped tightly to the heads.

The means I prefer to use to couple the pipes for conducting the water, or other condensing or cooling medium, toget-herand secure them rigidl to the columns, consists of a series of auxiliary heads d (before mentioned) and 0. The auxiliary heads 0 and d are of substantially circular cross-section, and in the form of return-bends and have cleaning holes d, closed by screw plugs P, in line with the pipes 0. These auxiliary heads are constructedfwith nipple formations 1' adapted to constitute bushings and lit into counter borings s in the outsides of the main coupling heads 9 opposite to that containing the counterborings 9", while the opposite sides of such auxiliary heads are cast with flangest, and the contiguous portions of the main coupling heads with pairs of lugs at between which and through per forations in the flanges 25 a series of bolts '0 are inserted and afford means whereby such auxiliary heads and the opposite ends of pipes c are coupled to ether in alternating pairs and secured rigidly to the main coupling heads 9.

The pipes whereby the fluid to be condensed or cooled is supplied and discharged, are indicated at 12, and 13 respectively and the condensing or cooling medium supplied and discharge pipes at 14, and 15 respectively. I

The heads are retained in their proper positions relatively .to one another and against displacement by the pressure in the heads by a series of retaining rings or collars 3 screwed upon the ends of the pipe 0 and into tight contact with the heads, thereby allowing free expansion and contraction of the pipes b. r

Operation: The 0 eration of my improved apparatus for con ensing and cooling ammonia gas is as follows, cold water being used as a condensing medium. The condensing medium enters at 14. and fiows alternately back and forth through the pipes c to. the outlet 15. 'The ammonia vapor enters through pipe 12 in a single stream and floods the up ermost chamber (constituted by the head 9 of what ma be termed the intake column, and simu taneously enters the spaces between the pipes b and 0 which lead from such head, thus becoming divided into three independent film-like streams and in this manner it is delivered into the upper portion-of the corresponding head at the opposite end of the coil. Upon entering ammonia is finally delivered into the chamber constituted by the lowermost head g of the outlet column, from which it is dis charged through pipe 13 thoroughly liquefied. During its course through the pipe 0, the condensmg medium absorbs the heat of the film like streams of ammonia vapor thereby liquefying the same. The automatic molecular separation in the diiferent chambers causes the gaseous fluid to flow through the uppermost pipe of the series and the liquidto flow through the lowermost pipe of such series which insures a constantly free gas passage'through the apparatus and effectively prevents the choking thereof by the liquefaction of a portion of the fluid in the early stages of thee eration, while, as is a most important a vantage, all the ammonia, whether before, during, or after liquefaction is subjected to the condensing action of the water circuit, from the moment it enters the, apparatus until it is discharged, and during the intervals between each uniting and separating of the ammonia it is in its entirety (though divided), subjected to the heat absorbing ac.- tion of the water thereby causing 1t to emerge from the apparatus thoroughly liquefied and at practically the same temperature as the water when the latter is dischar ed.

W at I claim is as follows 7 1. A condensing or cooling apparatus comprising a columnar series of hollow heads presenting chambers completely separated from one'another' and having recesses at the outside thereof, a second columnar series of hollow heads presenting chambers completely separated from one another and having recesses at the outside thereof, a plurality of pipes extending between the chan1- bers of the two columnar series and bringing them into alternate communication by a zigzag path from the top of one series which is provided with an inlet, to the bottom of the other series which is provided with an outlet, a plurality of tubes, each extending from the outside of one column through one of outside of the other column into one'i-of the said recesses in the latter, collars screwthis last mentioned head the independent threaded on the ends of the said tubes, lo-

cated within the recesses and bearing against the hollow heads, and headers extending zag coil having an inlet adjacent to the inlet to the columnar series and an outlet adjacent to the outlet of such columnar series.

2. A condensing or cooling apparatus comprising a columnar series of hollow heads presenting chambers completely separated from one another and having recesses at the outside thereof, a second columnar series of hollow heads presenting chambers completely separated from one another and having recesses, at the outside thereof, pairs of spaced lugs on the hollow heads, a plurality of pipes extending between the chambers of the two columnar series and bringing them into alternate communication by a zigzag path from the top of one series which is provided with an'inlet, to the bottom of the other series which is provided with an outlet, a plurality of tubes, each extending from the outside of one column through one of the said pipes and one of the recesses to the outrecesses in the latter, collars screw-threaded on the ends of the said tubes, locatedwithin the recesses and bearing against the hollow heads, headers extending into such recesses and coupling the tubes in alternating pairs ries and an outlet adjacent to the outlet of such columnar series, perforated lugs on the headers and located opposite to the said spaced lugs and bolts held between the spaced lugs and passed through the perforated lugs to secure the headers in place. I In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CARL WlIJHELM VOLLMANN.

Witnesses:

WILLIAM P. MCFEAT, FRED. J. SEARS.

side of the other column into one of the said to form a continuous zig-zag coil having an inlet adjacent to the inlet to the columnar se- 

